{"id":37253,"date":"2024-09-04T17:28:45","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T17:28:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/?p=37253"},"modified":"2024-09-04T17:36:01","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T17:36:01","slug":"second-circuit-decision-limiting-book-lending-harms-libraries-public","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/second-circuit-decision-limiting-book-lending-harms-libraries-public\/","title":{"rendered":"Second Circuit Decision Limiting Book Lending Harms Libraries, Public"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Today<em>,<\/em> the Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals <a href=\"https:\/\/storage.courtlistener.com\/recap\/gov.uscourts.ca2.60988\/gov.uscourts.ca2.60988.306.1.pdf\">announced its decision<\/a> in the case of <em>Hachette v. Internet Archive<\/em>, affirming the <a href=\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/public-knowledge-disappointed-in-decision-restricting-ability-of-libraries-to-lend-books\/\">judgment<\/a> of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York by finding that the Internet Archive\u2019s controlled digital lending program, or CDL, is not a fair use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Libraries have always worked in a very simple way: They buy books (or someone else buys the books and donates to the library), and then they lend them out. This is exactly what the Internet Archive does, with one addition: It makes library books more accessible to library patrons by allowing readers to access scanned copies online. Under this \u201ccontrolled digital lending\u201d system, only one patron can access a copy of a book at a time \u2013 just like with lending physical books.\u00a0The Internet Archive argued that any additional copies made during this process should be \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/fairuse.stanford.edu\/overview\/fair-use\/what-is-fair-use\/\">fair use<\/a>\u201d under copyright law.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2020, the Association of American Publishers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2023\/9\/11\/23868870\/internet-archive-hachette-open-library-copyright-lawsuit-appeal\">sued<\/a> the Internet Archive seeking to halt the Internet Archive\u2019s CDL program. In March of 2023, a district court <a href=\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/public-knowledge-disappointed-in-decision-restricting-ability-of-libraries-to-lend-books\/\">found in favor of plaintiff publishers<\/a>. The Internet Archive then <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.archive.org\/2023\/12\/15\/internet-archive-defends-digital-rights-for-libraries\/\">appealed that judgment<\/a>, defending the program as a fair use. Last December, Public Knowledge joined the Center for Democracy and Technology and the Library Freedom Project in filing an <a href=\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/policy\/joint-amicus-brief-hachette-v-internet-archive\/\">amicus brief<\/a> supporting Internet Archive in this case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following can be attributed to Meredith Rose, Senior Policy Counsel at Public Knowledge:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cControlled digital lending is a critical toolkit for libraries to reach their patrons in the digital age. With today\u2019s decision, the Second Circuit undermines those policy goals. We appreciate that the court set the record straight and clarified that a nonprofit\u2019s \u2018donate\u2019 button does not magically render a use commercial in nature. However, the rest of the analysis falls short. The court asserts, bafflingly, that the Internet Archive is <em>not<\/em> entitled to statutory protections because it doesn\u2019t perform \u2018traditional functions of a library.\u2019 It is unclear what the Second Circuit believes these \u2018traditional functions\u2019 to be, if not \u2018lending books to the public.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis is a case about the future of libraries, as much as copyright law. On top of funding shortfalls and increasing censorship demands, libraries are being forced to repeatedly buy the same books over and over again, due to publishing industry practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhen libraries add print books to their collections, these books don&#8217;t expire, even when they are damaged, lost, or stolen. Libraries have the specific statutory right to create new copies of print books and other media, because the preservation of knowledge, and making works available to the public, is core to both the mission of libraries and the purpose of copyright.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWith e-books, libraries have fewer options. When libraries want to add e-books to their collection, they can often only purchase a time-limited license, after which the books expire and have to be repurchased. The court recognizes that \u2018the result is regular renegotiation of e-book licenses that often come at a steeper price and for a shorter term than print copies of the same books.\u2019&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cControlled digital lending allows libraries to bypass unfair e-book practices by making their print copies of books more widely available. Today&#8217;s decision, if it stands, limits this.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMoreover, the court creates a gratuitous circuit split. The fourth fair use factor asks a court to examine \u2018the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.\u2019 Defendants do not, and often cannot, have access to the market data necessary to prove that their use has <em>not <\/em>created a market harm. The Archive offered studies from multiple experts indicating that the publishers had not been financially harmed, all of which the court discarded as insufficient and against \u2018common sense.\u2019&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLet us be perfectly clear: The court here is asking defendants to prove a negative, while allowing plaintiffs to actively withhold the only information that the court will accept as dispositive. The Second Circuit has replaced the fourth factor analysis with \u2018vibes.\u2019 Franz Kafka would be proud.<br><br>\u201cWe call on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.votervoice.net\/PublicKnowledge\/campaigns\/90092\/respond\">Congress to clarify the law surrounding Controlled Digital Lending<\/a> and reaffirm that libraries can, in fact, lend the books that they own \u2013 regardless of format.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Decision undermines a library&#8217;s ability to serve its patrons in the digital age.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":122,"featured_media":25588,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[12],"class_list":["post-37253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-release","tag-copyright-reform"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.5 (Yoast SEO v26.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Second Circuit Decision Limiting Book Lending Harms Libraries, Public - Public Knowledge<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Public Knowledge promotes freedom of expression, an open internet, and access to affordable communications tools and creative works. 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