{"id":38249,"date":"2025-08-25T17:23:06","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T17:23:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/?p=38249"},"modified":"2025-08-25T21:46:59","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T21:46:59","slug":"after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight\/","title":{"rendered":"After the Sixth Circuit, What\u2019s Next for Broadband Oversight?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

When the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit struck down<\/a> the Federal Communications Commission\u2019s 2024 Open Internet Order and declared that broadband access is an \u201cinformation service\u201d rather than a \u201ctelecommunications service,\u201d it didn\u2019t just strike down hard fought-for net neutrality rules. It stripped the FCC of most jurisdiction over broadband \u2013 leaving our communications regulator, once again, without the tools it needs to do its job. (That job, you may have forgotten, is not to deregulate at the cost of public safety<\/a>, worsen the digital divide<\/a>, reduce public input<\/a> on rule changes, or harass broadcasters<\/a> over the substance of their political reporting, but to ensure a smooth-functioning national communications infrastructure.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why We Decided Not To Go to the Supreme Court.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sixth Circuit\u2019s ruling may be plainly wrong, but we (and our allies) have chosen not to seek<\/a> Supreme Court review. The reasons are pragmatic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Litigation is often a matter of odds, and available time and resources. Seeking review now could cement the Sixth Circuit\u2019s radical theory \u2013 that a service that touches the internet must itself be deregulated \u2013 across the country. Or something worse. Given the Court’s recent string<\/a> of<\/a> opinions<\/a> flipping over the table on decades of settled administrative law and constitutional law, we decided it was time to take the fight elsewhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And that fight is needed because broadband has already replaced telephony<\/a> and cable as the \u201cwire\u201d that counts. The need for broadband oversight continues to grow. We need affordable, accessible, reliable broadband for all, with consumer-friendly billing and network practices, and right now, the FCC has neither the inclination nor the legal tools needed to help carry this out. Luckily, we have federalism. New York recently enacted affordability requirements<\/a> for low-income households. California, Washington, Oregon, Vermont, among others, maintain statewide net neutrality laws<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

But state-level action can\u2019t fill every gap. Many essential policies, like utility pole access rules, universal-service funding, interconnection regulation, and emergency communications mandates, depend on federal authority. Already, transactions like the AT&T\u2013Lumen merger<\/a> can evade FCC review, because there\u2019s no \u201cregulated service\u201d for the FCC to anchor its jurisdiction to. That\u2019s why, even as we support state efforts, we will keep pressing at the federal level \u2013 pushing agencies to use the tools they still have, and urging Congress to make clear that broadband requires direct federal oversight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sixth Circuit\u2019s Opinion Is Comically (and in Some Ways, Dangerously) Wrong<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now that this particular litigation is over, it\u2019s at least easier to tell you what I Really Think\u2122 about the Sixth Circuit\u2019s opinion: It\u2019s really bad. And not just because I disagree with it. There are plenty of legal opinions that I might disagree with for legal or policy reasons but I can at least grant that they are well-written, grapple honestly with arguments on the other side, and represent an effort to apply or interpret the law fairly and logically. This opinion does none of that. It was both legally flawed, and defies common sense. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Broadband consists of physical infrastructure \u2013 wires to the home, poles, transmission \u2013 and yet the court grouped it with platforms like Etsy or Reddit, not phone service. (Compare this to the opinion of the Ohio state court<\/a> recently which found Google wasn\u2019t a common carrier because it used ISPs to \u201ccarry\u201d the information.) Broadband is similar to telephone service in the respects that justify public oversight. Both involve vast physical infrastructure networks that serve as last-mile bottlenecks, both depend on rights-of-way across public land and streets, and both function as gatekeepers to essential communication \u2013 both for users, and for the content and service providers who want to reach users. And although \u201ccommon carriage\u201d is not based on traditional market power, wired broadband today is as much a natural monopoly in many areas as telephony was in the past. Apart from changing from copper wire to fiber optics, and associated equipment, there is little that is fundamentally different between Verizon wiring up a house for gigabit fiber in 2025 and Bell Atlantic wiring up a house for telephone service in 1985. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sixth Circuit also adopted the absurd theory that because broadband connects users to \u201cinformation services,\u201d the broadband delivery itself becomes an \u201cinformation service.\u201d That\u2019s like saying once a customer calls any sort of automated assistance over the phone, a telephone is no longer a communications tool, but a content provider itself \u2013 and the FCC loses authority over it. This is precisely why no court before has accepted such logic, but the Sixth Circuit waved it through by philosophically expounding<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

The existence of a fact or a thought in one\u2019s mind is not ‘information’ like 0s and 1s used by computers. The former implies knowledge qua knowledge, while the latter is knowledge reduced to a tangible medium. Consider the acts of speaking and writing. Speaking reduces a thought to sound, and writing reduces a thought to text. Both sound and text can be stored: a cassette tape for audio information, a journal for written information, or a computer for both. But during a phone call, one creates audio information by speaking, which the telephone service transmits to an interlocutor, who responds in turn. Crucially, the telephone service merely transmits that which a speaker creates; it does not access information.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Of course none of these ponderings are at all relevant. Even if you accept the questionable premise that when you talk to someone on the phone, no \u201cinformation\u201d is exchanged, people have called automated services of all kinds on their phones for years. Older folks may remember calling up movie or weather information lines. Or maybe Steve Wozniak\u2019s dial-a-joke line<\/a>. I interact with my bank all the time by navigating through menus with touch-tone beeps. In other words, the Sixth Circuit\u2019s reasoning, if faithfully followed, would remove FCC authority over telephone services. \u201cFortunately\u201d I suppose, the slapdash, hurried nature of the court\u2019s reasoning demonstrates that this case was about killing FCC authority to protect consumers and kill the net neutrality rules, not about setting out a coherent theory of communications law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Further, the post-Loper Bright<\/em><\/a> standard requires courts to adopt the \u201cbest reading\u201d of statutes using traditional tools of interpretation, instead of deferring to agencies under the Chevron doctrine. Before the FCC\u2019s deregulatory push, no court independently treated broadband as an \u201cinformation service.\u201d The \u201cinformation service\u201d classification was sustained in Brand X<\/em><\/a> only because the statute was found to be ambiguous, and Chevron deference allowed the agency to make a policy choice. Even then, Justice Scalia dissented in Brand X<\/em>, arguing that broadband was unambiguously a telecom service. If the conservative legal movement now insists on \u201cbest readings\u201d without Chevron, it is hard to reconcile their reverence for Scalia with their disregard for his plain-language reading of the Communications Act. How can a theory that no court reached on its own, and that was only sustained under Chevron deference, suddenly become the \u201cbest\u201d interpretation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What we are witnessing, unfortunately, is a judicial campaign to hollow out the concept of public obligation altogether. The Sixth Circuit\u2019s opinion is part of a broader project: to strip agencies of their ability to regulate, to fragment the legal framework so thoroughly that every consumer protection effort faces a fresh obstacle. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where the Fight Goes Next.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fight, however, isn\u2019t over. In the courts and in the states, defenders of broadband consumer protection continue to hold the line. Congress remains the best solution: updating the Communications Act to restore the FCC\u2019s authority over broadband and codify the Open Internet rules. The technology, the law, and public sentiment align behind treating broadband as common carrier infrastructure, not as an unregulated platform. The broader goal remains to ensure an internet that\u2019s open, affordable, and reliable. An internet that serves everyone on fair terms, regardless of geography or income. That was the original promise of common carriage in communications: that no one who needed to connect would be left out, and that the operator of the network would not exploit its position as gatekeeper to favor some speakers, content, or services over others. Broadband today is no less essential than telephone service was a century ago, and the logic that justified treating copper wires as common carriage applies with equal or greater force to fiber optics and wireless spectrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This cannot be the last word, nor will we allow it. States will continue to innovate, and advocates will continue to press in the courts. But in the end, only Congress must provide the clarity the law now lacks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Though the Sixth Circuit ruled to strike down net neutrality rules, the fight isn’t over yet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":38250,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[13],"class_list":["post-38249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insights","tag-net-neutrality"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAfter the Sixth Circuit, What\u2019s Next for Broadband Oversight? - Public Knowledge<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Though the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled to strike down the FCC's net neutrality rules, the fight isn't over yet.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"After the Sixth Circuit, What\u2019s Next for Broadband Oversight?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Though the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled to strike down the FCC's net neutrality rules, the fight isn't over yet.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Public Knowledge\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-25T17:23:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-25T21:46:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pk-2018-net-neutrality-one-more-vote-rally-scaled-1.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"John Bergmayer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"John Bergmayer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"John Bergmayer\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/#\/schema\/person\/94bc1c8d74a4aa15ac7a44ec9b35a1eb\"},\"headline\":\"After the Sixth Circuit, What\u2019s Next for Broadband Oversight?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-25T17:23:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-25T21:46:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight\/\"},\"wordCount\":1451,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pk-2018-net-neutrality-one-more-vote-rally-scaled-1.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Net Neutrality\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Insights\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/publicknowledge.org\/after-the-sixth-circuit-whats-next-for-broadband-oversight\/\",\"name\":\"After the Sixth Circuit, What\u2019s Next for Broadband Oversight? 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